Key Features and Values
– High sensitivity assays provide accurate measurements leading to improved performance in clinical use
– Same sample type can be used across all assays to simplify inclusion into routine serology work-up and provide a cost effective solution
– Long shelf life cost-effective solution by reducing wastage due to expired kits
– Suitable for inclusion on automated plate systems simplifies scale-up of test volume
– Supported by a panel of assays for supporting early detection and differential diagnosis of diabetes type I and II
Product Description
IA2 ELISA kit is an enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of autoantibodies to Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (IA2 Abs) in human serum or plasma. IA2 kit is intended for laboratory use only.
Scientific Description
Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), results from a chronic autoimmune destruction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, probably initiated by exposure of genetically susceptible host to an environmental agent. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells is thought to be completely asymptomatic until 80 – 90% of the cells are lost. This process may take years to complete and may occur at any time. During the preclinical phase, this autoimmune process is marked by circulating autoantibodies to beta cell antigens. These autoantibodies are present years before the onset of type 1 diabetes and prior to clinical symptoms.
Early studies involved immunofluorescence test for islet-cell antibodies (ICA), which was exhibited issues with calibration and has subsequently been replaced by a combination of several immunoassays for antibodies against specific beta cell antigens, such as insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and tyrosine phosphatase ICA 512 (IA2). IA2, a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatases family is localised in the dense granules of pancreatic beta cells and the second defined recombinant islet cell antigen. IA2 shares sequence identity with the islet cell antigen 512. The higher frequency of antibodies to IA2 is explained by the presence of autoantibodies directed to the carboxy- terminus of IA2 which is lacking in ICA512. IA2 autoantibodies are present in the majority of individuals with new-onset type 1 diabetes and in individuals in the pre-diabetic phase of the disease. The appearance of autoantibodies to IA2 seems to be correlated with the rapid progression to overt type 1 diabetes.
Using a combination of tests for GAD65 and IA2 autoantibodies improves the risk assessment of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescence. The screening for GAD65 and IA2 autoantibodies detect more than 90 % of subjects at risk for type 1 diabetes and may possess the potential to replace ICA technique.